tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11325969080999818722024-03-12T20:01:30.396-07:00Philippine Law GuideInformation on Philippine laws with emphasis on business and commercial, corporate, taxation, banking, sales, real estate, property, wills and succession, labor, marriage and family laws.
For Additional FREE INFORMATION specific to your concerns, leave your email or contact number with your comments.Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-19608939591495915222013-06-08T18:13:00.000-07:002013-06-08T18:13:00.322-07:00Evidence of Fraud and Conspiracy<h2>
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<div style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">G.R. No. 146214 October 5, 2007</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">RODOLFO M. CUENCA, petitioner,<br />vs.<br />HON. ALBERTO P. ATAS, JULITO F. FABRERO, and </span>HON. NATHANIEL A. LOBIGAS<span style="font-weight: normal;">, in their capacity as Hearing Officers of the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION; PHILIPPINE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, ASSET PRIVATIZATION TRUST, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, PHILIPPINE EXPORT AND FOREIGN LOAN GUARANTEE CORPORATION, and GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,respondents.</span></div>
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<h2>
<span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">Petitioner has not shown any proof or substantial evidence of fraud and conspiracy. Indeed, he who alleges fraud must prove it for basic is the rule that </span><i style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">actori incumbit onus probandi</i><span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"> Differently stated, upon the plaintiff in a civil case, the burden of proof never parts.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"> In the case at bar, the petitioner must therefore establish his allegation of fraud by a preponderance of evidence.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"> Once again, petitioner utterly failed to do this. In addition, it is an aged-old rule in civil cases that he who alleges a fact has the burden of proving it and a mere allegation is not evidence.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: navy; font-family: arial, verdana; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"> Fraud is never presumed, but must be established by clear and convincing evidence.</span></h2>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-74373055566264440532013-06-01T17:31:00.000-07:002013-06-01T17:44:02.624-07:00Procedural Due Process in Administrative Proceedings<div style="font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">G.R. No. 146214 October 5, 2007</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RODOLFO M. CUENCA, petitioner, </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vs.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">HON. ALBERTO P. ATAS, JULITO F. FABRERO, and <b>HON. NATHANIEL A. LOBIGAS</b>, in their capacity as Hearing Officers of the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION; PHILIPPINE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, ASSET PRIVATIZATION TRUST, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, PHILIPPINE EXPORT AND FOREIGN LOAN GUARANTEE CORPORATION, and GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,respondents.</span></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;">Procedural due process, in gist, is the necessity for notice and an opportunity to be heard before judgment is rendered. Its essence is encapsulated in the immortal cry of Themistocles to Alcibiades: "Strike––but hear me first."</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;">Thus, as long as a party is given the opportunity to defend his/her interests in due course, the party would have no reason to complain, for it is this opportunity to be heard that makes up the essence of due process.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;">In administrative and quasi-judicial proceedings where the magistrates or tribunals hearing the case are not bound by the niceties and finer points of judicial due process, the "cardinal primary" requirements of procedural due process, as gleaned by Justice Laurel from an array of American decisions, were enumerated in</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;"> </span><i style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: 14px;">Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations.</i></span></div>
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Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-13092079457125458532013-05-23T04:23:00.000-07:002013-05-23T04:23:36.697-07:00<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
The Wild Beast Theory</span></h2>
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The person who for his own purposes brings on his land and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes must keep it at his peril, and if he does not do so, is<i> prima facie</i> answerable for all the damage which is the natural consequence if it escapes (<i>Rylands vs. Fletcher</i>).</div>
<br />
In this case, it is not necessary for the plaintiff to prove negligence on the part of the defendant.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The defendant cannot raise the defense that he has taken all possible precautions to prevent damage or injury.</div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-8947405306245075612012-09-19T18:07:00.000-07:002012-09-20T08:51:33.929-07:00DOUBLE SALE OF REAL PROPERTY<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">FACTS: For his bootlegging
business, Pete Castellano is renting Lipari warehouse from Turk Sollozzo.
One day, Sollozzo sold the said property to Castellano and the latter paid the
selling price upon the execution of
their handwritten agreement. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">A few years later, Tony
Soprano appeared at the warehouse demanding that Castellano leave the premises
as he allegedly bought the property from Turk Sollozzo. Soprano showed
Castellano a notarized deed of absolute sale and served upon the latter a
notice to vacate, with a warning that any failure of Castellano to comply would
result in a court action or a "friendly visit" by enforcers from the
Soprano family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">As Castellano's consigliere, he seeks your
wisdom on the matter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">ISSUE: Who has the better right to the
warehouse?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">HELD: In double sale
of an immovable, the following is the established rule of preference in
determining ownership:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">(a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">the person acquiring it who
in good faith first recorded it in the Registry of Property;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">(b)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">the person who in good faith was first in
the possession; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">(c)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">in the absence thereof, to the person who
presents the oldest title, provided there is good faith .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">It must be observed that
the law strictly requires that before the second buyer can obtain priority
over the first, he must show that he <b>acted
in good faith throughout</b> (i.e., in ignorance of the first sale and of the
first buyer’s rights) from the time of acquisition until the title is
transferred to him by registration or failing registration, by delivery of
possession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">It must be noted that
Soprano cannot be deemed to be in good faith because when he bought the real
property, it is in possession of Castellano, a person other than the seller,
Sollozzo. In the case of <i>Conspecto vs. Fuerto</i>, the Supreme Court
pronounced that, one who purchases real property which is in actual
possession of others should, at least, make some inquiry concerning the
rights of those in possession. The actual possession by people other than the
vendor should, at least, put the purchaser upon inquiry. He can scarcely, in
the absence of such inquiry, be regarded as a bona fide purchaser as against
such possessions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-30101830293771798222012-09-16T18:04:00.003-07:002012-09-16T19:03:10.034-07:00Bouncing Checks. BP Blg. 22 Notice of Dishonor Requirement <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">FACTS: Clemenza issued a
check to Don Barzini in payment for some prior obligations of the family.
However when Don Barzini deposited the check in the bank, the same bounced due
to insufficient funds. Affronted, Don Barzini wanted to send Clemenza to go
sleep with the fishes, but his consigliere prevailed upon him to file a case in
for violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 instead, in order to preserve peace
between their families. Don Barzini assented but insisted that the case be
filed right away.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ISSUE: Will the case
prosper, considering that the check was indeed issued for a consideration and later bounced?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HELD: The case will be
dismissed. Don Barzini failed to prove that Clemenza knows that at the
time of issue that he does not have sufficient funds in or credit with the drawee
bank for the payment of the check in full upon its presentment. Don Barzini did not
serve a notice of dishonor to Clemenza in order that a presumption of such
knowledge would arise against the latter. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The elements of the crime
are, as follows:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(1) the making, drawing,
and issuance of any check to apply on account or for value; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(2) the knowledge of the
maker, drawer, or issuer that at the time of issue he does not have sufficient
funds in or credit with the drawee bank for the payment of the check in full
upon its presentment; and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(3) the subsequent
dishonor of the check by the drawee bank for insufficiency of funds or credit,
or dishonor for the same reason had not the drawer, without any valid cause,
ordered the bank to stop payment.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1132596908099981872" name="_ftnref14"> </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The first and last elements are relatively easier to
establish as compared to the second element, which is a state of mind of the
accused. It is difficult to prove that the issuer of the bounced check knows
that he does not have sufficient funds for the payment of the check in full
upon its presentment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hence, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Section 2 of B.P.
Blg. 22 creates a presumption of knowledge of insufficiency of funds under the
following circumstances: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sec.
2. <i>Evidence of knowledge of insufficient funds</i>. — The making,
drawing, and issuance of a check payment of which is refused by the drawee
because of insufficient funds in or credit with such bank, when presented
within ninety days from the date of the check, shall be <i>prima facie</i> evidence
of knowledge of such insufficiency of funds or credit unless such maker or
drawer pays the holder thereof the amount due thereon, or makes arrangements
for payment in full by the drawee of such check within five (5) banking days
after receiving notice that such check has not been paid by the drawee.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-67369002421981933282012-09-06T04:19:00.001-07:002012-09-17T04:56:12.268-07:00RE-ELECTION PREVENTS REMOVAL FROM OFFICE<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b>FACTS</b>: During Bruno Tattaglia’s first term as
elected </span><span style="line-height: 24px;">councilor</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> of Little Italy, he was administratively charged before
the Office of the Ombudsman for violation of the anti-graft law because of
certain alleged favors to the local mob. During the pendency of the case, he
was again re-elected to the same position. And, during his third re-election to
the same office, the Ombudsman issued an administrative decision removing him
from said position. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b>ISSUE</b>: Can re-elected </span><span style="line-height: 24px;">councilor</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> Bruno
Tattaglia be administratively removed from his post for an alleged
offense committed during his first term of office?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b>HELD</b>: No,
he can no longer be removed from office, because his re-election has rendered
the administrative offense as moot and academic. In the case of <i>Rodolfo Aguinaldo vs. Hon. Luis Santos, et
al</i>., </span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">G.R. No. 94115, </span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">21 </span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">August 1992, </span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">the Supreme Court declared therein,
that Aguinaldo’s re-election has rendered the pending administrative case
against him moot and academic.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Clear
then, the rule is that a public official cannot be removed for administrative
misconduct committed during a prior term, since his re-election to office
operates as a condonation of the officer's previous misconduct to the extent of
cutting off the right to remove him therefor.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div>
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<div id="ftn1">
<br />
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-9454856640899148202012-09-05T19:25:00.003-07:002012-09-16T19:04:29.301-07:00What to do if appeal is denied<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">When
a judgment or final order is rendered by any court in a case, and a party
thereto, by fraud, accident, mistake, or excusable negligence, has been prevented
from taking an appeal, he may file a petition in such court and in the same
case praying that the appeal be given due course.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">file
a </span><u style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Petition for Relief from Denial of Appeal</u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Grounds</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Fraud,
accident, mistake or excusable negligence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Attach:
<u>Affidavit of Merits</u> executed by the petitioner showing:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">the
fraud, accident, mistake and excusable negligence and</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">the
facts constituting his good and substantial defense or cause of action</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Periods
(when to file):</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">within
60 days from learning of the denial of the appeal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Not
more than 6 months after the judgment being appealed from has been recorded in
the book of entries for judgments</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">These
two periods are not extendible and never interrupted (<i>Quijano vs. Tameta</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Both
periods must be complied with (<i>Phil.
Rabbit Bus Lines vs. Arciaga</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Where
to file:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Court
of origin (the court which issued the assailed judgment)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-32846505031667438532012-09-03T16:27:00.000-07:002012-09-16T19:06:03.614-07:00Punishable Acts and the Penalties under R.A. 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act)<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Punishable Acts</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 6. <b>Public Crime</b>. – Violence
against women and their children shall be considered a public offense, which
may be prosecuted upon the filing of a complaint by any citizen having personal
knowledge of the circumstances involving the commission of the crime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 7. <b>Acts of
Violence Against Women and Their Children</b>. – The crime of violence
against women and their children is committed through any of the following
acts:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a) Causing physical harm to the woman or her child;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b) Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical
harm;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c) Attempting to cause the woman or her child physical harm;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d) Placing the woman or her child in fear of imminent
physical harm;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e) Attempting to compel or compelling the woman or her child
to engage in conduct which the woman or her child has the right to desist from
or to desist from conduct which the woman or her child has the right to engage
in, or attempting to restrict or restricting the woman’s or her child’s freedom
of movement or conduct by force or threat of force, physical or other harm or
threat of physical or other harm, or intimidation directed against the woman or
her child. This shall include, but not limited to, the following acts committed
with the purpose or effect of controlling or restricting the woman’s or her
child’s movement or conduct:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Threatening to deprive or
actually depriving the woman or her child of custody or access to her/his
family;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Depriving or threatening to
deprive the woman or her children of financial support legally due her or her
family, or deliberately providing the woman’s children insufficient financial
support;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Depriving or threatening to
deprive the woman or her child of a legal right;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4. Preventing the woman in engaging
in any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity, or controlling
the victim’s own money or properties, or solely controlling the conjugal or
common money, or properties;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f) Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical harm on
oneself for the purpose of controlling her actions or decisions;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g) Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to
engage in any sexual activity which does not constitute rape, by force or
threat of force, physical harm, or through intimidation directed against the
woman or her child or her/his immediate family;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">h) Engaging in purposeful, knowing, or reckless conduct,
personally or through another, that alarms or causes substantial
emotional or psychological distress to the woman or her child. This shall
include, but not be limited to the following acts:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Stalking or following the woman
or her child in public or private places;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2 Peering in the window or
lingering outside the residence of the woman or her child;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3 Entering or remaining in the
dwelling or on the property of the woman or her child against her/his will;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 Destroying the property and
personal belongings or inflicting harm to animals or pets of the woman or her
child;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5 Engaging in any form of
harassment or violence; and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i) Causing mental or emotional anguish, public ridicule or
humiliation to the woman or her child, including, but not limited to, repeated
verbal and emotional abuse, and denial of financial support or custody of minor
children or denial of access to the woman’s child/children.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Section 8<b>.</b> <b>Penalties</b> – In relation to Sec.
7 hereof, the acts complained of are punishable with the provisions set forth
in this Section:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a) Acts falling under Section 7(a) constituting attempted,
frustrated or consummated parricide or murder or homicide shall be punished in
accordance with the provisions of the Revised Penal Code. If these acts
resulted in mutilation, it shall be punishable in accordance with the Revised
Penal Code; those constituting serious physical injuries shall have the penalty
of prision mayor; those constituting less serious physical injuries shall be
punished by prision correctional; and those constituting slight physical
injuries shall be punished by arresto mayor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Acts falling under Section 7 (b) shall be punished by
imprisonment of two (2) degrees lower than the prescribed penalty for the
consummated crime as specified in the preceding paragraph but shall in no case
be lower than arresto mayor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b) Acts falling under Section 7(c) and 7(d) shall be
punished by arresto mayor;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c) Acts falling under Section 7(e) shall be punished by
prision correccional;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d) Acts falling under Section 7(f) shall be punished by
arresto mayor;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e) Acts falling under Section 7(g) shall be punished by
prision mayor;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f) Acts falling under Section 7(h) and Section 7(i) shall be
punished by prision mayor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If the acts are committed while the woman or child is
pregnant or committed in the presence of her child, the penalty to be applied
shall be the maximum period of penalty prescribed in this section.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In addition to imprisonment, the perpetrator shall (a) pay a
fine in the amount of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00)
but not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300, 000.00); and undergo
mandatory psychological counseling or psychiatric treatment and shall report
compliance to the court.</span></div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com239tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1132596908099981872.post-35488510731877261742012-09-03T06:24:00.006-07:002012-09-16T19:06:46.414-07:00Barangay Protection Orderpertinent provisions of the Implementing Rules<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Section 13.</b> <b>Barangay Protection
Orders</b>.– Barangay Protection Orders (BPOs) refer to the protection order
issued by the barangay ordering the perpetrator/respondent to desist from
committing acts under Section 7 (a) and (b) of these Rules. These are causing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(a) physical harm to the woman or her child; and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(b) threatening to cause the woman or her child
physical harm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The reliefs that may be granted under the BPO are the
following:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a) Prohibition of the respondent from threatening to commit
or committing, personally or through another, any of the following acts
mentioned in Section 7 (a) and (b) of these Rules; and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b) Prohibition of the respondent from harassing, annoying,
telephoning, contacting or otherwise communicating with the victim-survivor,
directly or indirectly.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Section 14.</b> <b>How to Apply for a Barangay
Protection Order</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a) The application for a BPO shall be in writing, signed by
the victim-survivor/petitioner, and in a language understood by her/him. It
shall be attested before the Punong Barangay who has jurisdiction over the
application. The Punong Barangay or Kagawad shall assist the victim-survivor/
petitioner in any application for a BPO. The ex parte determination on the
application for a protection order shall have priority over all proceedings.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b) The Punong Barangay or Kagawad must issue the BPO on the
same day of application, immediately upon the conclusion of the ex parte
proceedings. The BPO shall state the last known address of the respondent, the
date and time of issuance, and the protective remedies prayed for by the
victim-survivor/petitioner pursuant to Section 13 hereof. If the Punong
Barangay is unavailable to act on the application for a BPO, the application
shall be acted upon by any available Barangay Kagawad. In such a case, the
order must be accompanied by an attestation by the Barangay Kagawad that the Punong
Barangay was unavailable at the time of the issuance of the BPO.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A BPO is granted ex parte, without notice and hearing to the
respondent. The victim-survivor/petitioner may be accompanied by any non-lawyer
advocate in the proceedings before the Punong Barangay. The Punong Barangay
or kagawad, law enforcers and other government agencies shall not mediate
or conciliate or influence the victim-survivor/petitioner for a protection
order to compromise or abandon the relief sought.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c) The BPOs shall be effective for fifteen (15) days.
Immediately after the issuance of an ex parte BPO, the Punong Barangay or
Barangay Kagawad shall personally serve a copy of the same to the respondent,
or direct any barangay official to effect its personal service. The
BPO is deemed served upon receipt thereof by the respondent or by any adult who
received the BPO at the address of the respondent. In case the respondent or
any adult at the residence of the respondent refuses, for whatever cause to
receive the BPO, it shall likewise be deemed served by leaving a copy of the
BPO at the said address in the presence of at least two (2) witnesses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The barangay official serving the BPO must issue a
certification setting forth the manner, place and date of service, including
the reasons why the same remain unserved.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d) The BPO shall be issued free of charge. Within twenty
four (24) hours after a BPO is issued, the Punong Barangay, or in her/his
absence or inability, any available Barangay Kagawad shall assist the
victim-survivor/ petitioner in filing for an application for a TPO or PPO with
the nearest court in the place of residence of the victim-survivor. If there is
no Family Court or Regional Trial Court, the application may be filed in the
Municipal Trial Court, the Municipal Circuit Trial Court or the Metropolitan
Trial Court. For indigent petitioner, the barangay shall ensure that
transportation and other expenses are provided for in filing for an application
for a protection order with the courts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e) The Punong Barangay or Kagawad, or the Barangay
Secretary, shall record all BPOs in a logbook specifically for cases of VAWC.
This logbook is confidential and must be kept from the public especially the
media. They shall submit a quarterly report of all BPOs issued to the local
office of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The DILG
shall submit a summary report of the BPOs issued to the Secretariat of the
Inter- Agency Council on ViolenceAgainst Women and Their Children
(IAC-VAWC). The BPO and the Compliance Monitoring Forms are herein
appended.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f) All BPOs shall be enforceable within the barangay that
issued the BPO. The Punong Barangay shall furnish a copy of all BPOs to the
Philippine National Police-Women and Children Protection Desks (PNP-WCPD) who
has jurisdiction in the city or municipality and shall be entered in a logbook
for that purpose.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g) The issuance of a BPO or the pendency of an application
for a BPO shall not preclude the victim-survivor/petitioner from applying for,
or the court from granting, a TPO or PPO. However, where a Temporary Protection
has already been granted by any court, the barangay official may no longer
issue a BPO.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Section 15.</b> <b>Where to Apply for a BPO</b>. –
Applications for BPOs shall follow the rules on venue under Section 409 of the
Local Government Code of 1991 and its implementing rules and
regulations. Hence, it may be filed in the barangay where the victim-survivor/
petitioner is located or resides.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If the parties reside in different municipalities or cities,
the Punong Barangay or any kagawad of the barangay where the
victim-survivor resides shall assist the victim-survivor/applicant in filing an
application for a Protection Order from the court within two (2) hours from the
request.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The place of residence or location of the victim-survivor/
petitioner may include the place where the victim-survivor temporarily resides
or where she sought refuge/sanctuary to escape from and avoid continuing
violence from the respondent.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Section 16.</b> <b>Violation of a Barangay Protection
Order</b>.– A complaint for a violation of a BPO issued under the Act must be
filed directly with any Municipal Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, or
Municipal Circuit Trial Court that has territorial jurisdiction over the
barangay that issued the BPO. Violation of a BPO shall be punishable by
imprisonment of thirty (30) days without prejudice to any other criminal or
civil action that the offended party may file for any of the acts committed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A complaint for a violation of a BPO shall be initiated by
the Punong Barangay or Kagawad who issued the BPO and if he/she is no longer in
office or is incapacitated, a complaint for a violation of the BPO may be filed
by any barangay official. It shall be the primary responsibility of these
barangay officials to initiate complaints for violations of BPOs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the event that the Punong Barangay or Kagawad or barangay
official referred to in the preceding paragraph refuses to initiate a complaint
for a violation of a BPO, the victim-survivor/ applicant shall have the right
to file such complaint, without prejudice to the right to file appropriate
administrative, civil or criminal action against the barangay official
concerned.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A judgment of violation of a BPO may be appealed according
to the Rules of Court. During trial and upon judgment, the trial court where
the petition is filed may motu proprio issue a protection order as it deems
necessary without need of an application.</span></div>
Don Consiglierehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16814797174537137568noreply@blogger.com9